[Dysphagia] Chemical senses and swallowing

[speechhuffman at nc.rr.com (Julie Speech)]

thanks for the info!
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Irene Campbell-Taylor" <eripley@yahoo.com>
To: <dysphagia@b9.com>
Sent: Tuesday, August 15, 2006 3:11 PM
Subject: [Dysphagia] Chemical senses and swallowing


>A couple of interesting articles:
>            A Randomized Trial of Olfactory Stimulation Using Black Pepper 
> Oil in Older People with Swallowing Dysfunction Journal of the American 
> Geriatrics Society
> Online Early
>
>      Takae Ebihara, MD, PhD*, Satoru Ebihara, MD, PhD*, Masahiro Maruyama, 
> MD*, Mitsuru Kobayashi, BS, Azusa Itou, BS?, Hiroyuki Arai, MD, PhD, and 
> Hidetada Sasaki, MD, PhD*
>      OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of olfactory stimulation with 
> volatile black pepper oil (BPO) on risk factors for pneumonia.
>  DESIGN: A 1-month randomized, controlled study.
>  SETTING: Nursing homes in Japan that serve as long-term care facilities 
> for older residents who are physically handicapped, mainly because of 
> cerebrovascular disease.
>  PARTICIPANTS: One hundred five poststroke residents.
>  MEASUREMENTS: Latency of the swallowing reflex (LTSR), the number of 
> swallowing movements, serum substance P (SP), and regional cerebral blood 
> flow (rCBF).
>  RESULTS: Nasal inhalation of BPO for 1 minute shortened LTSR, compared 
> with that of lavender oil and distilled water (P<.03). Compared with the 
> period before the study, the 1-month intervention using BPO improved LTSR 
> with an increase of serum SP (P<.01). The number of swallowing movements 
> for 1 minute during the nasal inhalation of BPO increased (P<.001). 
> Multiple comparisons showed a poststudy increase in rCBF within the 
> insular cortex (P<.001). Compared with the prestudy rCBF, BPO intervention 
> increased rCBF in the right orbitofrontal and left insular cortex 
> (P<.001).
>  CONCLUSION: Inhalation of BPO, which can activate the insular or 
> orbitofrontal cortex, resulting in improvement of the reflexive swallowing 
> movement, might benefit older poststroke patients with dysphagia 
> regardless of their level of consciousness or physical and mental status.
>
>
>            Effects of menthol on the triggering of the swallowing reflex 
> in elderly patients with dysphagia
>   British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
> Volume 62 Page 369  - September 2006
>      Takae Ebihara, Satoru Ebihara, Aya Watando, Tatsuma Okazaki, Masanori 
> Asada, Takashi Ohrui, Mutsuo Yamaya & Hiroyuki Arai
>      Aims
>  To investigate the effect of menthol on swallowing reflex sensitivity in 
> elderly patients with dysphagia.
>  Methods and results
>  The swallowing reflex sensitivity of institutionalized elderly patients 
> was evaluated as a latent time of swallowing reflex (LTSR), induced by the 
> injection of 1 ml solution into the pharynx. LTSR was significantly 
> shortened in a concentration-dependent manner, from 13.8 s [95% confidence 
> interval (CI) 11.1, 16.5] by distilled water to 9.4 s (95% CI 7.1. 11.8) 
> by 10 2m menthol.
>  Conclusion
>  Using menthol with elderly patients with dysphagia may improve the 
> sensitivity of their swallowing reflex, resulting in prevention of 
> aspiration pneumonia.
>
>
>
>
>
> Dr I Campbell-Taylor
> Clinical Neuroscientist
> Exclusive Distributor:
> www.interactivetherapy.com
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